The Department of Economics at Osmania University has a rich history, beginning in 1918 as a branch of History and becoming a standalone department in 1935. It introduced undergraduate Economics in the same year and a postgraduate program in 1937, with English replacing Urdu as the medium of instruction in 1948. The 1950s marked significant curriculum expansion with courses like Statistics, Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory, and monograph writing to promote research skills.

The Department offers a robust curriculum, including core courses such as Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, and Econometrics, along with specialized fields like Labor Economics, Public Economics, and Operations Research. With a strong emphasis on research, it established a SocioEconomic Research Unit during the Second Plan Period and participated in prestigious UGC programs like the Special Assistance Programme (SAP) and ASIHSS. Renowned scholars like Prof. Gautam Mathur have contributed to its national and international recognition. The Department integrates experiential learning through dissertations and data analysis, preparing students for successful careers in academia, government, and industry. Under the leadership of Prof. B. Sudhakar Reddy and a team of 18 faculty members, it continues to maintain intellectual rigor and practical relevance, making it a premier center for Economics education in India.